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Apache HTTP Server
Setting which addresses and ports Apache uses
When Apache starts, it connects to some port and address on the local machine and waits for
incoming requests. By default, it listens to all addresses on the machine, and to the port as
specified by the Port directive in the server configuration. However, it can be told
to listen to more the one port, or to listen to only selected addresses, or a combination.
This is often combined with the Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.
There are two directives used to restrict or specify which addresses and ports Apache
listens to.
- BindAddress is used to restrict the server to listening to a
single address, and can be used to permit multiple Apache servers on the same machine
listening to different IP addresses.
- Listen can be used to make a single Apache server listen to more
than one address and/or port.
Syntax:
BindAddress [ * | IP-address | hostname ]
Default:
BindAddress *
Context:
server config
Status:
Core
Makes the server bind to just the specified address. If the argument is * (an asterisk),
the server binds to all interfaces currently marked as up on the server. The port bound to is
set with the Port directive. Only one BindAddress should be used.
Syntax:
Listen [ port | IP-address:port ]
Default:
none
Context:
server config
Status:
Core
Listen can be used instead of BindAddress and Port. It tells the
server to accept incoming requests (to listen) on the specified port or address-and-port
combination. If the first format is used, with a port number only, the server listens on the
given port on all interfaces marked as up, instead of the port given by the Port
directive. If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
port and interface.
Multiple Listen directives may be used to specify a number of addresses and ports to listen
to. The server will respond to requests from any of the listed addresses and ports.
For example, to make the server accept connections on both port 80 and port 8000, use:
Listen 80
Listen 8000
To make the server accept connections on two specified interfaces and port numbers, use
Listen 192.170.2.1:80
Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
How this works with Virtual Hosts
BindAddress and Listen do not implement Virtual Hosts. They tell the main
Apache daemon process what addresses and ports to bind and listen on. If no <VirtualHost>
directives are used, the server will behave the same for all accepted requests. However, <VirtualHost>
can be used to specify a different behavior for one or more of the addresses and ports. To
implement a VirtualHost, the server must:
- Be told to Listen to the desired address and port
- Have a <VirtualHost> section created for the specified address and port to set the
behavior of this virtual host
Note that if the <VirtualHost> is set for an address and port that the server is not
listening to, it cannot be accessed.
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See also
See also the documentation on
Virtual Hosts,
BindAddress directive,
Port directive,
DNS Issues and
<VirtualHost> section.
Apache HTTP Server
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